On Thin Ice: The Inuit, the State & the Challenge of Arctic Sovereignty (November 2009)
On Thin Ice
The sequel to Breaking the Ice: From Land Claims to Tribal Sovereignty in the Arctic, titled On Thin Ice: The Inuit, the State and the Challenge of Arctic Sovereignty, is now available from Lexington Books.
On Thin Ice explores the relationship between the Inuit and the modern state in the vast but lightly populated North American Arctic. It chronicles the aspiration of the Inuit to participate in the formation and implementation of diplomatic and national security policies across the Arctic region and to contribute toward the post-Cold War re-conceptualization of Arctic security.
With the warming of the polar regions, the Arctic rim states have paid increasing attention to the commercial opportunities, strategic challenges, and environmental risks of Arctic climate change. As the millennial isolation of the region comes to an end, the Inuit who are indigenous to the region are showing tremendous diplomatic and political skills as they continue to directly engage the more populous and powerful nation-states that assert sovereign control over the Arctic, in their ongoing effort to mutually assert joint sovereignty across the region, and to ensure that Inuit values are incorporated into the national and global policy equation.
Published on the 50th anniversary of Kenneth Waltz’s classic work of international relations theory, Man, the State, and War, On Thin Ice is at once a tribute to Waltz’s pivotal elucidation of the three levels of analysis as well as an enhancement of his famous “Three Images” with the addition of a new “Fourth Image” to describe a tribal level of analysis. This model remains salient in not only the Arctic where modern state sovereignty remains limited, but in many other conflict zones the world over where tribal peoples retain many attributes of their indigenous sovereignty.
University of Calgary political scientist Rob Huebert, and long-time Edmonton Journal journalist Ed Struzik, have contributed to On Thin Ice: Professor Huebert has authored a guest foreword to the work, introducing the topic of Arctic sovereignty to the readers and framing the analysis that follows; and Ed Struzik, himself a prolific author on the Arctic and one of the first who predicted the “End of the Arctic” more than a generation ago, has authored the afterword to On Thin Ice, sharing his reflections on Arctic sovereignty, the topic of his next book. Their contributions not only help to frame Zellen’s discussion of Arctic sovereignty and its challenges, but present a snapshot of their own fascinating work in this area.
As with Breaking the Ice, the front cover includes a beautiful photo shot by nature photographer Michael Sewell of Visual Pursuit Studio, additional proof that you can indeed judge a book by its cover!
About the Book
• Hardcover: 270 pages
• Publisher: Lexington Books (November 28, 2009)
• Language: English
• ISBN-10: 0739132784
• ISBN-13: 978-0739132784
Table of Contents
• Foreword: Inuit Endurance and the Arctic Transformation, by Prof. Rob Huebert - vi
• Preface: Beyond the Ice Fog - The Ambiguities of Arctic Sovereignty - xi
• 1: Northern Perspectives on Arctic Sovereignty and Security - 1
• 2: Southern Perspectives on Arctic Sovereignty and Security - 63
• 3: Toward a Synthesis of Tribe and State: Foundation of a Stable Arctic - 125
• Afterword: Next Chapter in Arctic History Must Be Co-Authored by Northern Peoples, by Journalist Ed Struzik - 181
• Notes - 185
• Bibliography - 213
• Index - 243
• About the Author - 252
Order Here
Endorsements
Several scholars in the fields of northern and security studies have endorsed On Thin Ice:
“Barry Zellen’s unique background in Arctic national security and sovereignty issues makes On Thin Ice a stimulating and indispensable read for strategists, policymakers, and students of Arctic political and security studies. His exhaustive analysis of the role that the Inuit people should and will play as the current Arctic security debate unfolds is both unique and timely, offering a practical application of the oft-forgotten tribal level of classic Waltzian analysis.”
—Margaret D. Stock, Associate Professor, US Military Academy & Lieutenant Colonel, US Army Reserve
“Barry Zellen has written an intriguing and challenging book on the place of the Arctic northern peoples that must be read by anyone interested in the new Arctic. It is not necessary to agree with all of Zellen’s arguments to understand that his book is a comprehensive effort to understand the central role that the Inuit must and do play in the developing issues surrounding the transformation of the Arctic. This is a must read for anyone wanting to understand the massive transformation that the Inuit now face in their home.”
—Robert Huebert, Associate Professor, University of Calgary
“Zellen’s timely study of the challenges confronting both the state and indigenous peoples brought about by the profound ecological crisis in the Arctic is a must read for any student of the region. His in-depth, informed discussions of the tension that animates the potentially conflicting goals of the state and the indigenous peoples of the region brings to the fore the crucial need for policies that are sensitive to the concerns of native populations. This path is the only one that offers long-term sustainability. Replete with fascinating examples, and reflecting Zellen’s deep knowledge gleaned from his years of experience working and living in the extreme north, his discussions can easily be extended to the Nordic region where similar conditions, challenges and avenues for positive solutions to vexing social and economic problems obtain.”
—Timothy R. Tangherlini, Professor and Chair, The Scandinavian Section, UCLA
“For those who know a piece of today’s Arctic story, Barry Zellen’s On Thin Ice neatly connects the dots from Alaska to Greenland with a wealth of detail. His research and his experience living in the region come together here to buoy a generation of scholars, scientists, and policy-makers.”
—Mike Peters, (former) editor, First Alaskans Magazine
“Tribal-state relations, border conflicts, militant insurgencies, economic exploitation/dependence, climate change, and oil politics are the stuff of this fascinating book that is not about the Middle East. Barry Zellen has written a dense and meticulously researched book on the trials and tribulations of the indigenous peoples of the Arctic region as they strive for sovereignty, and confront and adapt to modernity, globalization, and a potential polar thaw. He tells a story that has significant relevance to many of the present dilemmas facing the international political economic system. I suspect that it is only a matter of time before this book serves as the important primer and source for policy makers concerned with Arctic policy.”
—Thomas Johnson, Director, Program for Culture and Conflict Studies, Naval Postgraduate School
“Barry Zellen is way ahead of the curve in the field of security studies in focusing on the intersection that state rivalries and environmental issues in the Arctic will have on global security and stability. In On Thin Ice, Barry Zellen highlights the important role the Arctic will play in moderating the historic clash between indigenous tribes and the modern state, re-defining the conception and limits of state sovereignty in frontier regions where tribal forces endure. All serious students of security studies should closely examine this work and ensure it receives the space it deserves on their library shelves and course curricula.”
—James Russell, (former) Director, Center for Contemporary Conflict, Naval Postgraduate School
On Thin Ice explores the relationship between the Inuit and the modern state in the vast but lightly populated North American Arctic. It chronicles the aspiration of the Inuit to participate in the formation and implementation of diplomatic and national security policies across the Arctic region and to contribute toward the post-Cold War re-conceptualization of Arctic security.
With the warming of the polar regions, the Arctic rim states have paid increasing attention to the commercial opportunities, strategic challenges, and environmental risks of Arctic climate change. As the millennial isolation of the region comes to an end, the Inuit who are indigenous to the region are showing tremendous diplomatic and political skills as they continue to directly engage the more populous and powerful nation-states that assert sovereign control over the Arctic, in their ongoing effort to mutually assert joint sovereignty across the region, and to ensure that Inuit values are incorporated into the national and global policy equation.
Published on the 50th anniversary of Kenneth Waltz’s classic work of international relations theory, Man, the State, and War, On Thin Ice is at once a tribute to Waltz’s pivotal elucidation of the three levels of analysis as well as an enhancement of his famous “Three Images” with the addition of a new “Fourth Image” to describe a tribal level of analysis. This model remains salient in not only the Arctic where modern state sovereignty remains limited, but in many other conflict zones the world over where tribal peoples retain many attributes of their indigenous sovereignty.
University of Calgary political scientist Rob Huebert, and long-time Edmonton Journal journalist Ed Struzik, have contributed to On Thin Ice: Professor Huebert has authored a guest foreword to the work, introducing the topic of Arctic sovereignty to the readers and framing the analysis that follows; and Ed Struzik, himself a prolific author on the Arctic and one of the first who predicted the “End of the Arctic” more than a generation ago, has authored the afterword to On Thin Ice, sharing his reflections on Arctic sovereignty, the topic of his next book. Their contributions not only help to frame Zellen’s discussion of Arctic sovereignty and its challenges, but present a snapshot of their own fascinating work in this area.
As with Breaking the Ice, the front cover includes a beautiful photo shot by nature photographer Michael Sewell of Visual Pursuit Studio, additional proof that you can indeed judge a book by its cover!
About the Book
• Hardcover: 270 pages
• Publisher: Lexington Books (November 28, 2009)
• Language: English
• ISBN-10: 0739132784
• ISBN-13: 978-0739132784
Table of Contents
• Foreword: Inuit Endurance and the Arctic Transformation, by Prof. Rob Huebert - vi
• Preface: Beyond the Ice Fog - The Ambiguities of Arctic Sovereignty - xi
• 1: Northern Perspectives on Arctic Sovereignty and Security - 1
• 2: Southern Perspectives on Arctic Sovereignty and Security - 63
• 3: Toward a Synthesis of Tribe and State: Foundation of a Stable Arctic - 125
• Afterword: Next Chapter in Arctic History Must Be Co-Authored by Northern Peoples, by Journalist Ed Struzik - 181
• Notes - 185
• Bibliography - 213
• Index - 243
• About the Author - 252
Order Here
Endorsements
Several scholars in the fields of northern and security studies have endorsed On Thin Ice:
“Barry Zellen’s unique background in Arctic national security and sovereignty issues makes On Thin Ice a stimulating and indispensable read for strategists, policymakers, and students of Arctic political and security studies. His exhaustive analysis of the role that the Inuit people should and will play as the current Arctic security debate unfolds is both unique and timely, offering a practical application of the oft-forgotten tribal level of classic Waltzian analysis.”
—Margaret D. Stock, Associate Professor, US Military Academy & Lieutenant Colonel, US Army Reserve
“Barry Zellen has written an intriguing and challenging book on the place of the Arctic northern peoples that must be read by anyone interested in the new Arctic. It is not necessary to agree with all of Zellen’s arguments to understand that his book is a comprehensive effort to understand the central role that the Inuit must and do play in the developing issues surrounding the transformation of the Arctic. This is a must read for anyone wanting to understand the massive transformation that the Inuit now face in their home.”
—Robert Huebert, Associate Professor, University of Calgary
“Zellen’s timely study of the challenges confronting both the state and indigenous peoples brought about by the profound ecological crisis in the Arctic is a must read for any student of the region. His in-depth, informed discussions of the tension that animates the potentially conflicting goals of the state and the indigenous peoples of the region brings to the fore the crucial need for policies that are sensitive to the concerns of native populations. This path is the only one that offers long-term sustainability. Replete with fascinating examples, and reflecting Zellen’s deep knowledge gleaned from his years of experience working and living in the extreme north, his discussions can easily be extended to the Nordic region where similar conditions, challenges and avenues for positive solutions to vexing social and economic problems obtain.”
—Timothy R. Tangherlini, Professor and Chair, The Scandinavian Section, UCLA
“For those who know a piece of today’s Arctic story, Barry Zellen’s On Thin Ice neatly connects the dots from Alaska to Greenland with a wealth of detail. His research and his experience living in the region come together here to buoy a generation of scholars, scientists, and policy-makers.”
—Mike Peters, (former) editor, First Alaskans Magazine
“Tribal-state relations, border conflicts, militant insurgencies, economic exploitation/dependence, climate change, and oil politics are the stuff of this fascinating book that is not about the Middle East. Barry Zellen has written a dense and meticulously researched book on the trials and tribulations of the indigenous peoples of the Arctic region as they strive for sovereignty, and confront and adapt to modernity, globalization, and a potential polar thaw. He tells a story that has significant relevance to many of the present dilemmas facing the international political economic system. I suspect that it is only a matter of time before this book serves as the important primer and source for policy makers concerned with Arctic policy.”
—Thomas Johnson, Director, Program for Culture and Conflict Studies, Naval Postgraduate School
“Barry Zellen is way ahead of the curve in the field of security studies in focusing on the intersection that state rivalries and environmental issues in the Arctic will have on global security and stability. In On Thin Ice, Barry Zellen highlights the important role the Arctic will play in moderating the historic clash between indigenous tribes and the modern state, re-defining the conception and limits of state sovereignty in frontier regions where tribal forces endure. All serious students of security studies should closely examine this work and ensure it receives the space it deserves on their library shelves and course curricula.”
—James Russell, (former) Director, Center for Contemporary Conflict, Naval Postgraduate School
...the original cover mockup for OTI!
Reviews of On Thin Ice
Canadian Historian Matt Wiseman:
A really nice review of On Thin Ice has been posted on Canadian historian Matt Wiseman's website (May 31, 2013), where several of my favorite authors (including Whitney Lackenbauer) have been reviewed - a great honor to be among them:
In arguing that history has not served the interests of Arctic peoples especially well, Barry Zellen’s On Thin Ice: The Inuit, the State, and the Challenge of Arctic Sovereignty (2009), addresses contemporary Indigenous relations with academic integrity. Zellen’s examination focuses on Inuit peoples throughout the Arctic, and although it is not restricted to the Canadian North, it addresses issues of land claims and self-government specifically related to Canada’s past. The author argues that the welfare of the nearly 130,000 people living in Canada’s Arctic regions, of which the Inuit represent a significant portion, has been seriously affected by the political, military, economic, and climatic events that have unfolded in the past. Zellen examines construction of the DEW Line and of energy and mining developments that employed southerners rather than northerners, and the immediate impact on affected Indigenous populations. He describes, for example, the relocation of Inuit from northern Quebec to the High Arctic, and explains how school systems forced families from their lands. But this study moves beyond an examination of past trials and tribulations of the Inuit to chronicle their contributions to the reconceptualization of Arctic security.
On Thin Ice is a thorough examination of current issues facing both Canada’s federal government and the regions Indigenous populations. The challenges faced by Ottawa and the Inuit are significant because of social and economic conditions in the Arctic that are changing quickly, and with global warming causing greater uncertainty in the near-term, Zellen considers it imperative that Ottawa address and resolve these issues to the best of its ability whilst ensuring that the social peace is maintained. In order to protect the Arctic’s resources, it is necessary that Canada’s Indigenous peoples foster strong working relationships with one another and with the federal government, and Zellen’s work is a thorough examination of the unavoidable circumstances that are associated with attempts to reconcile past issues for the betterment of tribal and national security.
Zellen asserts that Ottawa has largely overlooked the increasing social tensions found across the Arctic, and as these tensions rise, the internal dimension of its Arctic security challenge become ever more critical. (p. 5) Yet his work does not suggest that the Inuit pose a problem to the federal government. He asserts, rather, that colonization, modernization, globalization, and now climatological transformation, are part of Canada’s fabric. (p. 178) In the years ahead, the Arctic promises to become much less isolated than in the past due to foreign interest in its resource-base. As competition intensifies, it becomes essential for Inuit to collaborate with the federal government to defend their shared interests and values as well as the Arctic’s sovereignty. In this framework, understanding the “often-forgotten tribal level of analysis,” Zellen argues, is essential for gaining a complete picture of the Arctic transformation underway. (p. 180)
On Thin Ice is a broad synthesis that examines the current historiography of Indigenous relations in the Arctic.
- See more at: http://www.mattwiseman.ca
*
Amazon Reader Review: "5 Stars Out of 5":
The renowned expert on indigenous rights in the Americas, Martin Edwin Andersen, author of People of the Earth, has reviewed On Thin Ice on Amazon. Here is a portion, and a link to the rest of his kind review:
In On Thin Ice, Barry Scott Zellen poses tough questions about Canada's claims to a vast swathe of the soon-to-be hotly contested resource-rich Arctic. Zellen not only shows how much these depend on whether a collaborative and interdependent relationship can be successfully forged with Native peoples struggling to preserve fragile ecosystems and their own ethnic identity, but how conceptions of human security, tribal security and national security are inexorably tied together. Zellen's keen insight and painstaking research suggests that truths from the land of the midnight sun might help to illuminate and guide the struggles of indigenous peoples around the globe. On Thin Ice is a "must read" for the 21st century.
Although some governments view the activism of indigenous peoples in those the so-called "ungoverned" areas as real or potential threats to national sovereignty, just as surely those risks are exacerbated by the failure of those same nation-states to consider solutions that allow Native American communities to survive as nations within those nation-states. Proof of the possibility of enhancing national-state sovereignty through recognition of Indian nationality can be found in Zellen's writing. As he explains in On Thin Ice, one of Canada's "most powerful claims" to that its sovereignty in the frozen north is the "increasingly supportive, collaborative, and interdependent relationship to the Inuit of the Arctic, their enduring stewardship over the Arctic lands, seas, and wildlife since time immemorial, and the mutual recognition of each other's sovereignty through the resolution brought forth by Native land claims."
Zellen explores how within the last generation the Inuit have made "tremendous gains" in increasing their autonomy and broadening their political power. Now governing partners, indigenous leaders and organizations share in the assessment of environmental risks, mitigating development's effects on traditional subsistence, and participating in economic windfalls in resource royalties, education and training, and jobs. In part due to a "shrewd and powerful" tribal political elite, and in part due to "the tolerance and encouragement and support of the Canadian government," he writes, the Inuit today enjoy "greater autonomy, greater wealth, greater political power, and greater environmental control than any comparable indigenous minority group worldwide."
Click here to read entire review.
A really nice review of On Thin Ice has been posted on Canadian historian Matt Wiseman's website (May 31, 2013), where several of my favorite authors (including Whitney Lackenbauer) have been reviewed - a great honor to be among them:
In arguing that history has not served the interests of Arctic peoples especially well, Barry Zellen’s On Thin Ice: The Inuit, the State, and the Challenge of Arctic Sovereignty (2009), addresses contemporary Indigenous relations with academic integrity. Zellen’s examination focuses on Inuit peoples throughout the Arctic, and although it is not restricted to the Canadian North, it addresses issues of land claims and self-government specifically related to Canada’s past. The author argues that the welfare of the nearly 130,000 people living in Canada’s Arctic regions, of which the Inuit represent a significant portion, has been seriously affected by the political, military, economic, and climatic events that have unfolded in the past. Zellen examines construction of the DEW Line and of energy and mining developments that employed southerners rather than northerners, and the immediate impact on affected Indigenous populations. He describes, for example, the relocation of Inuit from northern Quebec to the High Arctic, and explains how school systems forced families from their lands. But this study moves beyond an examination of past trials and tribulations of the Inuit to chronicle their contributions to the reconceptualization of Arctic security.
On Thin Ice is a thorough examination of current issues facing both Canada’s federal government and the regions Indigenous populations. The challenges faced by Ottawa and the Inuit are significant because of social and economic conditions in the Arctic that are changing quickly, and with global warming causing greater uncertainty in the near-term, Zellen considers it imperative that Ottawa address and resolve these issues to the best of its ability whilst ensuring that the social peace is maintained. In order to protect the Arctic’s resources, it is necessary that Canada’s Indigenous peoples foster strong working relationships with one another and with the federal government, and Zellen’s work is a thorough examination of the unavoidable circumstances that are associated with attempts to reconcile past issues for the betterment of tribal and national security.
Zellen asserts that Ottawa has largely overlooked the increasing social tensions found across the Arctic, and as these tensions rise, the internal dimension of its Arctic security challenge become ever more critical. (p. 5) Yet his work does not suggest that the Inuit pose a problem to the federal government. He asserts, rather, that colonization, modernization, globalization, and now climatological transformation, are part of Canada’s fabric. (p. 178) In the years ahead, the Arctic promises to become much less isolated than in the past due to foreign interest in its resource-base. As competition intensifies, it becomes essential for Inuit to collaborate with the federal government to defend their shared interests and values as well as the Arctic’s sovereignty. In this framework, understanding the “often-forgotten tribal level of analysis,” Zellen argues, is essential for gaining a complete picture of the Arctic transformation underway. (p. 180)
On Thin Ice is a broad synthesis that examines the current historiography of Indigenous relations in the Arctic.
- See more at: http://www.mattwiseman.ca
*
Amazon Reader Review: "5 Stars Out of 5":
The renowned expert on indigenous rights in the Americas, Martin Edwin Andersen, author of People of the Earth, has reviewed On Thin Ice on Amazon. Here is a portion, and a link to the rest of his kind review:
In On Thin Ice, Barry Scott Zellen poses tough questions about Canada's claims to a vast swathe of the soon-to-be hotly contested resource-rich Arctic. Zellen not only shows how much these depend on whether a collaborative and interdependent relationship can be successfully forged with Native peoples struggling to preserve fragile ecosystems and their own ethnic identity, but how conceptions of human security, tribal security and national security are inexorably tied together. Zellen's keen insight and painstaking research suggests that truths from the land of the midnight sun might help to illuminate and guide the struggles of indigenous peoples around the globe. On Thin Ice is a "must read" for the 21st century.
Although some governments view the activism of indigenous peoples in those the so-called "ungoverned" areas as real or potential threats to national sovereignty, just as surely those risks are exacerbated by the failure of those same nation-states to consider solutions that allow Native American communities to survive as nations within those nation-states. Proof of the possibility of enhancing national-state sovereignty through recognition of Indian nationality can be found in Zellen's writing. As he explains in On Thin Ice, one of Canada's "most powerful claims" to that its sovereignty in the frozen north is the "increasingly supportive, collaborative, and interdependent relationship to the Inuit of the Arctic, their enduring stewardship over the Arctic lands, seas, and wildlife since time immemorial, and the mutual recognition of each other's sovereignty through the resolution brought forth by Native land claims."
Zellen explores how within the last generation the Inuit have made "tremendous gains" in increasing their autonomy and broadening their political power. Now governing partners, indigenous leaders and organizations share in the assessment of environmental risks, mitigating development's effects on traditional subsistence, and participating in economic windfalls in resource royalties, education and training, and jobs. In part due to a "shrewd and powerful" tribal political elite, and in part due to "the tolerance and encouragement and support of the Canadian government," he writes, the Inuit today enjoy "greater autonomy, greater wealth, greater political power, and greater environmental control than any comparable indigenous minority group worldwide."
Click here to read entire review.
